Motion coordination is a very simple pattern to explain the impulse conduction by saraf.Gerak generally occur consciously, but there are also Garak happened without the knowing it is a reflex. Conscious impulse to the movement through a long path, ie from the receptor, the sensory nerves in the lower to the brain for further processing by the brain and then processed by the brain in the form of response, under the motor nerve as a command to be executed by effectors.
Runs very fast reflexes and responses to stimuli occurs automatically, without requiring the control of the brain. So say the movement can occur without the will or unconsciously influenced in advance. Examples of reflexes such as blinking, sneezing, or coughing.
The basic unit of any activity of the integrated reflex is a reflex arc. Reflex arch consists of the senses, afferent nerve fibers of one or more synapses contained in the central nervous system or in the nerve ganglion simpatios eferent and effectors.
Activities on the reflex arch began in sensory receptors as potential receptors that magnitude is proportional to the strong stimulation. Curvature of the simplest reflex arc reflex adlah having a synapse between neurons and eferent aferent. Such reflex arch is called monosinaptik and reflex that occurs is called reflex monosinaptik.
Runs very fast reflexes and responses to stimuli occurs automatically, without requiring the control of the brain. So say the movement can occur without the will or unconsciously influenced in advance. Examples of reflexes such as blinking, sneezing, or coughing.
The basic unit of any activity of the integrated reflex is a reflex arc. Reflex arch consists of the senses, afferent nerve fibers of one or more synapses contained in the central nervous system or in the nerve ganglion simpatios eferent and effectors.
Activities on the reflex arch began in sensory receptors as potential receptors that magnitude is proportional to the strong stimulation. Curvature of the simplest reflex arc reflex adlah having a synapse between neurons and eferent aferent. Such reflex arch is called monosinaptik and reflex that occurs is called reflex monosinaptik.
Reflex Motion Classification
Reflex is the mechanism of reaction to stimuli in the unconscious. Instinctive behavior of lower animals as large dominated by the reflex in human behavior is more a matter of requirements and reflexes work as a basic defense mechanism, but the reflexes are very important in diagnosing and localize neurological lesions.
Reflexes that are important to clinical neurology can be divided into 4 groups, namely:
1. reflex superficial (skin and mucus),
2. deep tendon reflexes (miotatik),
3. visceral reflex (organic),
4. pathologic reflexes (abnormal)
Reflex can also be classified according to their degree of centrality refresentasi yaitiu sabagai spinal reflexes, bulbar (postural reflex and enforcement), Tangah brain or cerebellum.
Reflex is the mechanism of reaction to stimuli in the unconscious. Instinctive behavior of lower animals as large dominated by the reflex in human behavior is more a matter of requirements and reflexes work as a basic defense mechanism, but the reflexes are very important in diagnosing and localize neurological lesions.
Reflexes that are important to clinical neurology can be divided into 4 groups, namely:
1. reflex superficial (skin and mucus),
2. deep tendon reflexes (miotatik),
3. visceral reflex (organic),
4. pathologic reflexes (abnormal)
Reflex can also be classified according to their degree of centrality refresentasi yaitiu sabagai spinal reflexes, bulbar (postural reflex and enforcement), Tangah brain or cerebellum.
Reflex arch
Simple reflex arch, involving a number of receptor structure is a specialized sensory organ of the skin or the end of the perangsangannya fusus neuromuskularis neoron aferent initiate an impulse that transmits nerve impulses through a peripheral to the central nervous system, where the nerve bersinaps with an intercalation of neurons, one or more neurons convey impulses to the nerves intercalation eferent.
Neoron eferent walked out the nerves and convey impulses to an effector. And that is the effector muscle (smooth muscle, striated, or cardiac muscle) or glands that respond.
While unity is the anatomic nervous system neurons, the functional unit is the environment of this reflex is the anatomic basis for the activities - activities beyond the control reflex our will, this means that the reaction - a reaction that is more or less otomotik and not changing that does not involve functional centers central nervous system is higher.
Components of Reflex Arc
The main components of a most simple reflex arch consists of the following elements:
1. A receptors, which are sensitive to a range of stimuli.
2. An afferent neurons (sensory) that can conduct impulses toward the central nervous system (spinal cord or brain stem), and mengadakar synapsis.
3. A neuron efferent (motor) that can deliver impils-impulses to the peripheral.
4. An effector tool, which merupekan site of reaction, and which can be represented by a muscle fiber or gland cell.
In a simple reflex arch as mentioned above, a stimulation of the receptor would be able to cause a nerve impulse that could ultimately be delivered to effector tools, namely the muscle fibers or glands, and cause a reaction in the form of contraction or secretion.
However, actually a lot of reflex activities which can occur in people living anatomic basis has a much more complicated.
In the reflex arc are called monosinaps and polisinaps, the number of synapses in the curvature varies from 2 to hundreds. In both types of this reflex arc, but mainly on the reflex arch polisinaps, aktivitasdi change by facilitating special and temporal occlusion subliminimal effects and other effects.
Monosinaps reflex: stretch reflex. If skeletal muscle with an intact nerve is stretched muscle will contract. Answer this call stretch reflex. Stimuli that evoke this reflex is a muscle strain, and the answer is that muscle contraction in the stretch.
Sensory organ is the muscle spindle. Impulses originating in the coils deliver to the CNS by sensory fibers that quickly and directly passed to the motor neurons that menyerafi same muscle. Stretch reflex is the only reflex monosinaps in the body.
Examples from the clinic, knocking on the patellar tendon cause knee jerk, a stretch of m.quadriceps femoris reflex causes knocking in the veins stretch.
Runs very ceapt reflexes and responses to stimuli occurs automatically, without requiring the control of the brain. So it can be said in the motion can occur without any influence on the will or without knowing it beforehand. Examples of reflexes such as blinking, sneezing, or coughing.
In reflex, impulses through a short path or a shortcut, ie at the start of the recipient receptor stimulation, and then forwarded by the recipient of stimulation, then forwarded by the sensory nerve to a nerve center, is received by the connecting nerve cell (the association) without being processed in the brain responses sent directly to the motor nerves to be submitted to the effector, ie the muscles or glands.
Good conductor of impulses in the form of stimulus or response through nerve fibers (axons) can occur due to electrical patensial difference between the outside of the inside of the cell. At the time of nerve cells at rest, the positive pole found inside nerve cells. Impulse conduction through the synapses, the meeting point between the terminal axon of one neuron with other neurons called synapses.
Synapses in the cytoplasm bulges are a collection of small membrane structures containing the neurotransmitter called synaptic vesicles. Neuron synapses ending on protrusions called pre-synaptic neuron.
Several Reflexes Examination Methods
a. Corneal reflex
Cotton that has been provided, in rolled into a smooth cylindrical shape. People try to move the eyeball to the lateral by looking to one side without moving head. Touch with caution hatai contralateral side of the cornea with cotton. Response that occurs in the form of blinking rapidly.
b. Light reflex
Flashlight that was dropped in the eyes of pupils one try. Response that occurs in the form of pupil constriction homolateral and contra lateral.
c. Periost radial reflex
Arm people try half ditleksikan at the elbow joint and a little hand dipronasikan. Tap the periosteum at the distal end radii os. Response that occurs in people trying to form the elbow flexion and forearm supination tangan.Pada this experiment looks a reflex that occurs in the try.
d. Periost ulnar reflex
Half of the forearm flexed at the elbow joint and the hand between pronation and supination. Tap on periost prosessus stiloideus. Response that occurs is in the form pronation tangan.Pada people try to look at the practical existence of these reflexes.
e. Pess Knee Reflexes (KPR)
In this experiment people try to sit on the perch so that both legs will hang freely or oarang try lying on your back with legs flexed at the knee joint. Tap the patellar tendon with a hammer, causing the leg extension with quadriceps muscle contraction.
f. Achilles reflex pess
People try flexed leg on the knee joint and foot didorsofleksikan, tap the Achilles tendon, resulting in plantar flexion of the foot and kontaraksi gastrocnemius.
g. Biceps reflex
Arm people try setenganh in fleksikan at the elbow joint. Tap on the biceps muscle tendon will cause flexion of the arm at the elbow and the biceps muscle contraction appears.
h. Triceps reflex
Forearm flexed at the elbow joint and a little dipronasikan. A knock on the triceps muscle tendon 5 cm above the elbow, this will lead to the extension arm and the triceps muscle kontarksi.
i. Withdrwal Reflexes
Arm people try to put on the table in a state of extension. Wait when people try not to see you, tusuklah carefully and quickly leather sleeves with sntik sterile needle, gently as possible so as not to hurt people try. Response that occurs in the form of flexion of the arm away from the stimulus.
a. Corneal reflex
Cotton that has been provided, in rolled into a smooth cylindrical shape. People try to move the eyeball to the lateral by looking to one side without moving head. Touch with caution hatai contralateral side of the cornea with cotton. Response that occurs in the form of blinking rapidly.
b. Light reflex
Flashlight that was dropped in the eyes of pupils one try. Response that occurs in the form of pupil constriction homolateral and contra lateral.
c. Periost radial reflex
Arm people try half ditleksikan at the elbow joint and a little hand dipronasikan. Tap the periosteum at the distal end radii os. Response that occurs in people trying to form the elbow flexion and forearm supination tangan.Pada this experiment looks a reflex that occurs in the try.
d. Periost ulnar reflex
Half of the forearm flexed at the elbow joint and the hand between pronation and supination. Tap on periost prosessus stiloideus. Response that occurs is in the form pronation tangan.Pada people try to look at the practical existence of these reflexes.
e. Pess Knee Reflexes (KPR)
In this experiment people try to sit on the perch so that both legs will hang freely or oarang try lying on your back with legs flexed at the knee joint. Tap the patellar tendon with a hammer, causing the leg extension with quadriceps muscle contraction.
f. Achilles reflex pess
People try flexed leg on the knee joint and foot didorsofleksikan, tap the Achilles tendon, resulting in plantar flexion of the foot and kontaraksi gastrocnemius.
g. Biceps reflex
Arm people try setenganh in fleksikan at the elbow joint. Tap on the biceps muscle tendon will cause flexion of the arm at the elbow and the biceps muscle contraction appears.
h. Triceps reflex
Forearm flexed at the elbow joint and a little dipronasikan. A knock on the triceps muscle tendon 5 cm above the elbow, this will lead to the extension arm and the triceps muscle kontarksi.
i. Withdrwal Reflexes
Arm people try to put on the table in a state of extension. Wait when people try not to see you, tusuklah carefully and quickly leather sleeves with sntik sterile needle, gently as possible so as not to hurt people try. Response that occurs in the form of flexion of the arm away from the stimulus.
No comments:
Post a Comment